Ethnically Sensitive Rhinoplasty

Abstract

Ethnically sensitive rhinoplasty presents a unique challenge. There are a large number of variations in skin tone, skin thickness, and structural deformities, which require a high degree of thoughtfulness and planning. A thorough history and physical examination are the cornerstone to achieving a good result. An open and honest discussion is necessary to fully understand the patient's goals. The surgeon should clearly define which goals are achievable and which are not. An individualized approach with special consideration toward maintaining ethnic heritage is imperative. Conservative techniques will help achieve a natural, balanced outcome and will allow for preservation of nasal function.

Keywords

ethnic rhinoplasty - nasal surgery - cosmetic rhinoplasty

Publikationsverlauf

Accepted Manuscript online:
06. Juni 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. Juni 2023

• References

• 1 Brissett AE, Ishii LE, Boahene KDO. Ethnically sensitive rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53 (02) xiii-xiv
• 2 Sajjadian A. Rhinoplasty in Middle Eastern Patients. Clin Plast Surg 2016; 43 (01) 281-294
• 3 Phillips KA. Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Essential Guide. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009
• 4 Stewart MG, Witsell DL, Smith TL, Weaver EM, Yueh B, Hannley MT. Development and validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130 (02) 157-163
• 5 Moubayed SP, Ioannidis JPA, Saltychev M, Most SP. The 10-Item Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) for functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (01) 37-42
• 6 Lipan MJ, Most SP. Development of a severity classification system for subjective nasal obstruction. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2013; 15 (05) 358-361
• 7 Ward B, Ward M, Fried O, Paskhover B. Nasal distortion in short-distance photographs: the selfie effect. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018; 20 (04) 333-335
• 8 Hicks KE, Thomas JR. The changing face of beauty: a global assessment of facial beauty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53 (02) 185-194
• 9 Lohuis PJFM. Rhinoplasty analysis. In: Lohuis PJFM. ed. Advanced Caucasian and Mediterranean Rhinoplasty. Gilsum, NH: Kugler Publications; 2014: 43-68
• 10 Byrd HS, Hobar PC. Rhinoplasty: a practical guide for surgical planning. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993; 91 (04) 642-654 , discussion 655–656
• 11 Deeb R. Surgical considerations in patients of Middle Eastern descent. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53 (02) 283-298
• 12 Rohrich RJ, Huynh B, Muzaffar AR, Adams Jr WP, Robinson Jr JB. Importance of the depressor septi nasi muscle in rhinoplasty: anatomic study and clinical application. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 105 (01) 376-383 , discussion 384–388
• 13 Cachay-Velásquez H, Laguinge RE. Aesthetic treatment of the columella. Ann Plast Surg 1989; 22 (05) 370-379
• 14 Ebrahimi A, Nejadsarvari N, Motamedi MH, Rezaee M, Koushki ES. Anatomic variations found on dissection of depressor septi nasi muscles in cadavers. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2012; 14 (01) 31-33
• 15 Boahene KDO. Management of the nasal tip, nasal base, and soft tissue envelope in patients of African descent. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53 (02) 309-317
• 16 Kridel RW, Castellano RD. A simplified approach to alar base reduction: a review of 124 patients over 20 years. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7 (02) 81-93
• 17 Berghaus A. Modern rhinoplasty: is there a place for the closed approach?. Facial Plast Surg 2016; 32 (04) 402-408
• 18 Cobo R. Management of the mestizo nose. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53 (02) 267-282
• 19 Na HG, Jang YJ. Use of nasal implants and dorsal modification when treating the East Asian nose. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53 (02) 255-266
• 20 Saharia PS. Deepti Sinha. Septoplasty can change the shape of the nose. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 65 (Suppl. 02) 220-225
• 21 Gunter JP, Friedman RM. Lateral crural strut graft: technique and clinical applications in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99 (04) 943-952 , discussion 953–955
• 22 Rohrich RJ, Raniere Jr J, Ha RY. The alar contour graft: correction and prevention of alar rim deformities in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 109 (07) 2495-2505 , discussion 2506–2508
• 23 Rohrich RJ, Kurkjian TJ, Hoxworth RE, Stephan PJ, Mojallal A. The effect of the columellar strut graft on nasal tip position in primary rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 130 (04) 926-932
• 24 Foda HM, Kridel RW. Lateral crural steal and lateral crural overlay: an objective evaluation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 125 (12) 1365-1370
• 25 Davis RE. Lateral crural tensioning for refinement of the wide and underprojected nasal tip: rethinking the lateral crural steal. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2015; 23 (01) 23-53
• 26 Toriumi DM, Checcone MA. New concepts in nasal tip contouring. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2009; 17 (01) 55-90 , vi vi
• 27 Gruber RP, Grover S. The anatomic tip graft for nasal augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 103 (06) 1744-1753 , discussion 1754–1758
• 28 Quatela VC, Jacono AA. Structural grafting in rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 2002; 18 (04) 223-232
• 29 Gunter JP, Landecker A, Cochran CS. Frequently used grafts in rhinoplasty: nomenclature and analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 118 (01) 14e-29e
• 30 Pastorek NJ, Bustillo A, Murphy MR, Becker DG. The extended columellar strut-tip graft. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7 (03) 176-184
• 31 Erol OO. Tip rhinoplasty in broad noses in a Turkish population: Eurasian noses. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 130 (01) 185-197
• 32 Cobo R, Camacho JG, Orrego J. Integrated management of the thick-skinned rhinoplasty patient. Facial Plast Surg 2018; 34 (01) 3-8
• 33 Powell N, Humphries B. Proportions of the Aesthetic Face. New York: Thieme-Stratton Inc; 1984
• 34 Azizzadeh B, Mashkevich G. Middle Eastern rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2010; 18 (01) 201-206
• 35 Ho Y, Deeb R, Westreich R, Lawson W. Effect of depressor septi resection in rhinoplasty on upper lip length. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2014; 16 (04) 272-276
• 36 Benlier E, Top H, Aygit AC. A new approach to smiling deformity: cutting of the superior part of the orbicularis oris. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2005; 29 (05) 373-377 , discussion 378
• 37 Lawson W, Reino AJ. Reduction columelloplasty. A new method in the management of the nasal base. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121 (10) 1086-1088
• 38 Fred GB. Role of depressor septi nasi muscle in rhinoplasty. AMA Arch Otolaryngol 1955; 62 (01) 37-41
• 39 Hwang K, Kim DJ, Hwang G. Relationship between depressor septi nasi muscle and dermocartilagenous ligament; anatomic study and clinical application. J Craniofac Surg 2006; 17 (02) 286-290
• 40 Surowitz JB, Most SP. Complications of rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2013; 21 (04) 639-651
• 41 Holt GR, Garner ET, McLarey D. Postoperative sequelae and complications of rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1987; 20 (04) 853-876
• 42 Hafezi F, Naghibzadeh B, Nouhi A. Management of the thick-skinned nose: A more effective approach. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2006; 115 (06) 444-449
• 43 Bhangoo KS. Aesthetic rhinoplasty: avoiding unfavourable results. Indian J Plast Surg 2013; 46 (02) 349-358
• 44 Wright WK. Symposium: the supra-tip in rhinoplasty: a dilemma. II. Influence of surrounding structure and prevention. Laryngoscope 1976; 86 (01) 50-52
• 45 Hanasono MM, Kridel RW, Pastorek NJ, Glasgold MJ, Koch RJ. Correction of the soft tissue pollybeak using triamcinolone injection. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2002; 4 (01) 26-30 , discussion 31
• 46 Eldaly AS, Avila FR, Torres-Guzman RA. et al. Simulation and artificial intelligence in rhinplasty: a systematic review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46 (05) 2368-2377